Nuevo “rol” y paradigmas del Aprendizaje, en una Sociedad Global en RED y Compleja: la Era del Conocimiento y el Aprendizaje

In the current global, networked and complex environment some essential things are changing the field of Knowledge (K). A very important one is the qualitative transformation of the process of creating and sharing “K” (e-Knowledge), which impact is affecting all aspects concerning Knowledge Management and Learning. For that Networked Environment it is required a new methodology, based on the Management of Complexity, using a systemic approach suitable for many different problems. In our case, in the academic world, shipped in the process of adaptation to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) it will be required to develop a new vision and an explicit strategy for Knowledge Management (KM), in order to cope with the new scenario of an emerging knowledge-based economy. On the convergence of emerging professional and academic fields, it is observed not just the similarity among the traditional paradigms of KM and LM, but also the inability of them to assume the requirements which the new Networked Environment demands. A reconceptualization of Knowledge and Learning processes must be accomplished, based on Connections (Networking). They should include the new “role” and new Paradigms of Learning: An Adaptive Learning Model in Complex Environments. As a strategy for personal adaptation, specially to the EHEA, throughout this paper it is proposed a “Digital Identity and Networked Learning process of development”, in addition to the already published model Suricata, based on Open Initiatives – “People and Corporate, Labor and Learning” .En el ámbito de un entorno global, en RED, y Complejo, algo sustancial está cambiando en el ámbito del Conocimiento (K), en particular la transformación cualitativa del proceso de creación y compartición del “K” (e-Conocimiento), cuyo impacto está afectando a todo lo concerniente a la Gestión del Conocimiento y al Aprendizaje. Para dicho entorno en RED, se requiere un nuevo enfoque, basado en la Gestión de la Complejidad, que nos proporciona una adecuada aproximación sistémica, a muchos y diferentes problemas. En nuestro caso, desde el ámbito académico y en el proceso de adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior (EEES), se requerirá desarrollar una nueva visión, y estrategia explícita de Gestión del Conocimiento (KM), como adecuación al nuevo entorno y a la incipiente economía del conocimiento asociada. Partiendo de la convergencia emergente de los ámbitos profesional y académico, se observa no sólo la semejanza de los paradigmas tradicionales de la KM y de la LM, sino también la incapacidad de los mismos para asumir los nuevos requerimientos asociados al nuevo entorno en RED. Una nueva reconceptualización del Conocimiento y el Aprendizaje como procesos basados en conexiones (“networking”), nos proporcionará el nuevo “rol” y paradigmas del Aprendizaje: Modelo Adaptativo de Aprendizaje en Entornos Complejos. Como estrategia de adecuación personal al nuevo entorno, y en particular al EEES, se propone un “Proceso de desarrollo de la Identidad Digital” y del “Aprendizaje en RED”, junto con el diseño del correspondiente “Espacio Personal, y Corporativo, de Trabajo y Aprendizaje” (PLWE/CLWE). Presentación del “PLWE-Suricata”*, basado en iniciativas abiertas

La brecha de la “complejidad”: perfil eAprendiz como propuesta de adecuación personal al nuevo entorno “vital”, expandido y complejo

We are witness, and actors, in a changing world, different from that proceed and unpredictable, whose main characteristic is its complex nature. A changing world with a level of unprecedented interconnectedness and interdependence (cause of its complexity), with new structures (networks) and new social technologies that shape the Internet as a transformation digital infrastructure and also of adequation. As a result, a “new expanded and complex vital environment”, has a significant impact in the way we interact, live, work and learn. We are therefore facing a new class of situations or problems (complex) that, when we face the same, we need not only change how we think and perceive reality (systems thinking), but also the adoption of a new digital culture, where interdependence and sustainability prevails. We call “complexity gap”, the difficulty that entails the assimilation and practise of such requirements, which at the same time represents the main challenge we are faced with today. Referred to as “complexity gap”, the difficulty involved in the assimilation and practice of these requirements and, in turn, is the main challenge we face today. Finally, from an of organic growth perspective (“bottom-up”), considering the person as “complex adaptive system”, it is proposed profile “eAprendiz” as a strategy for adaptation and personal, and professional, empowerment, in the current global “extended and complex environment”. Finally, from an organizational development (“bottom-up”), and considering the person as “complex adaptive system”, it is proposed profile “eAprendiz” as a strategy for adaptation and personal, and professional, empowerment, in the current global, extended and complex environment.Estamos siendo testigos, y a la vez actores, de un mundo en transformación, distinto del que procedemos e impredecible, cuya característica principal es su naturaleza compleja. Un mundo en transformación con un nivel de interconexión e interdependencia sin precedentes (causa de su complejidad), con nuevas estructuras (redes) y con nuevas tecnologías sociales, que configuran a Internet como infraestructura digital de transformación (disruptiva) y, también, de adecuación. Como resultado de todo ello, un “nuevo ENTORNO vital, expandido y complejo”, impacta notablemente en la manera en que nos relacionamos, vivimos, trabajamos y aprendemos. Nos encontramos, pues, ante una nueva clase de situaciones o problemas (complejos) que, a la hora de enfrentarnos a los mismos, nos requiere no solo cambiar nuestra forma de pensar y percibir la realidad (pensamiento sistémico), sino también la adopción de una nueva cultura digital, de interdependencia y sostenibilidad. Denominamos como “brecha de la complejidad”, a la dificultad que conlleva la asimilación y práctica de dichos requerimientos y que, a su vez, constituye el principal reto al que nos enfrentamos en la actualidad. Por último, desde una perspectiva de desarrollo orgánico (“bottom- up”), y considerando a la persona como “sistema complejo adaptativo”, se propone el perfil “eAprendiz” como estrategia de adecuación y empoderamiento personal, y profesional, en el actual entorno global, “extendido y complejo”

Evolutionary Computation Applied to Urban Traffic Optimization

At the present time, many sings seem to indicate that we live a global energy and environmental crisis. The scientific community argues that the global warming process is, at least in some degree, a consequence of modern societies unsustainable development. A key area in that situation is the citizens mobility. World economies seem to require fast and efficient transportation infrastructures for a significant fraction of the population. The non-stopping overload process that traffic networks are suffering calls for new solutions. In the vast majority of cases it is not viable to extend that infrastructures due to costs, lack of available space, and environmental impacts. Thus, traffic departments all around the world are very interested in optimizing the existing infrastructures to obtain the very best service they can provide. In the last decade many initiatives have been developed to give the traffic network new management facilities for its better exploitation. They are grouped in the so called Intelligent Transportation Systems. Examples of these approaches are the Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS). Most of them provide drivers or traffic engineers the current traffic real/simulated situation or traffic forecasts. They may even suggest actions to improve the traffic flow. To do so, researchers have done a lot of work improving traffic simulations, specially through the development of accurate microscopic simulators. In the last decades the application of that family of simulators was restricted to small test cases due to its high computing requirements. Currently, the availability of cheap faster computers has changed this situation. Some famous microsimulators are MITSIM(Yang, Q., 1997), INTEGRATION (Rakha, H., et al., 1998), AIMSUN2 (Barcelo, J., et al., 1996), TRANSIMS (Nagel, K. & Barrett, C., 1997), etc. They will be briefly explained in the following section. Although traffic research is mainly targeted at obtaining accurate simulations there are few groups focused at the optimization or improvement of traffic in an automatic manner â not dependent on traffic engineers experience and âartâ. O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .ite ch on lin e. co

VPL: laboratorio virtual de programación para Moodle

En este trabajo se presenta VPL (Virtual Programming Lab), una herramienta software de código abierto que permite la gestión de prácticas de programación en Moodle. Esta herramienta está compuesta de un módulo Moodle, un applet editor de código fuente y un demonio Linux que permite la ejecución remota de programas de forma segura. Pretende ahorrar tiempo y mejorar la gestión general de este tipo de actividades, además de permitir la realización de las prácticas sólo con un navegador. Sus características más destacadas son: la posibilidad de editar el código fuente y ejecutar las prácticas de forma interactiva desde el navegador, ejecutar pruebas que revisen las prácticas y analizar la similitud entre prácticas para el control del plagio. Esta herramienta se ha empleado con éxito en diversas asignaturas durante el año 2009. VPL está disponible para su descarga en http://vpl.dis.ulpgc.es.Peer Reviewe

Entorno web del trabajador del conocimiento adecuado a las necesidades de organizaciones intensivas en conocimiento: caso Centros I+D+I

Yesterday’s teacher can’t be the same as the one of today and probably tomorrow’s teacher will be different, too. The changing nature of the work requires changes in the environment of the knowledge worker. With the use of tools, methods, and processes; the knowledge worker can increase his /her productivity. The application of these tools in the university provides instruments to the teachers to increase his / her personal, research and community project tasks. This research offers a model for the knowledge worker and it is implemented in three organizations: CICEI in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Univesity, Proyecto Aula Virtual in Sucre University and Grupo Aula Virtual in Quindío University.El docente de ayer no puede ser el de hoy y con mucha probabilidad, el de mañana será también diferente. La naturaleza cambiante del trabajo exige una adecuación en el entorno sobre el cual se desempeña el trabajador del conocimiento. Tanto la organización como el individuo deben cambiar para adaptarse a esa nueva naturaleza. Mediante el uso de herramientas, métodos y procesos los trabajadores del conocimiento pueden mejorar su productividad. La aplicación de estas alternativas en el ámbito universitario ofrece a los docentes instrumentos para mejorar su producción tanto en actividades de índole personal, como en docencia, investigación y labores de extensión a la sociedad. Esta investigación plantea un modelo para el entorno del trabajador del conocimiento desde una mirada organizacional y personal que se está implantando en tres centros: Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (CICEI) de la Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Proyecto Aula Virtual de la Universidad de Sucre y el Grupo Aula Virtual de la Universidad del Quindío

VPL: Laboratorio Virtual de Programación para Moodle

En este trabajo se presenta VPL (Virtual Programming Lab), una herramienta software de código abierto que permite la gestión de prácticas de programación en Moodle. Esta herramienta está compuesta de un módulo Moodle, un applet editor de código fuente y un demonio Linux que permite la ejecución remota de programas de forma segura. Pretende ahorrar tiempo y mejorar la gestión general de este tipo de actividades, además de permitir la realización de las prácticas sólo con un navegador. Sus características más destacadas son: la posibilidad de editar el código fuente y ejecutar las prácticas de forma interactiva desde el navegador, ejecutar pruebas que revisen las prácticas y analizar la similitud entre prácticas para el control del plagio. Esta herramienta se ha empleado con éxito en diversas asignaturas durante el año 2009. VPL está disponible para su descarga en http://vpl.dis.ulpgc.es

El plagio de prácticas de programación: análisis de diez años de experiencia

El plagio en la educación superior es un problema importante que afecta a la calidad de la evaluación. El problema tiene implicaciones académicas, éticas y sociales por lo que es necesario conocer su alcance real para poder abordarlo de forma correcta. Las soluciones implican medidas coercitivas, preventivas y metodológicas. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de la incidencia del plagio en ejercicios de programación de asignaturas pertenecientes a las titulaciones de informática de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. El periodo de estudio abarca desde el curso 1999/2000 al curso 2009/2010. Los datos analizados corresponden a trece asignaturas de tres titulaciones. Los alumnos de estas asignaturas suman, en el periodo referido, alrededor de 2700. Junto con el análisis de los datos obtenidos, se aportan algunas reflexiones sobre el problema, fruto de la experiencia acumulada y del estudio de cómo se afronta el plagio en algunas de las universidades más relevantes del mundo.Plagiarism in higher education is a major problem affecting the quality of the assessment. The problem has academic, social, and ethical implications so we need know its real scope to address it correctly. The solution requires coercive, preventive and methodology actions. This paper presents a study of the incidence of plagiarism in programming exercises in courses of computer science degrees from the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. The studied period extends from the 1999/2000 to the 2009/2010 academic year. The data analyzed correspond to eleven courses of three degrees. Students in these courses, during the aforementioned period, are around 2700. With the analysis of the data we also provide some reflections on the problem, results of our experience and the learned from what some of the best Universities are doing about it

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research